Chinchillas have delicate digestive systems, thus proper care and adequate nutrition is a necessity to their longevity and happiness. Never should one use rabbit or guinea pig pellets as a means for nutrition; these foods are formulated for the digestive tracts and nutritional needs of their designated animal. Although the digestive processes are similar, one must keep in mind that these animals come from different areas natively and that these areas have different food items available to the animals.
Nutritional Demands
Studies have compared the digestive tract of chinchillas to that of guinea pigs. It has been found that they are extremely similar, especially in regards to the enlarged cecum which allows for fermentation and break down of complex carbohydrates like cellulose due to bacterial populations (much like the rumen in a ruminant animal). However research shows that chinchillas do not require supplemental ascorbic acid (vitamin C) in their diet like guinea pigs (Larrivee, & Elvehjem, 1953). Chinchillas require adequate fiber in their diet which aids in stool production as well as fewer hair balls. This can be accomplished by always having timothy hay available.
Hay
Fresh hay should always be accessible to your furry friend. Avoid using alfalfa hays unless you have a young (under six months) or pregnant or nursing chinchilla. Alfalfa contains excess nutrients and can lead to diarrhea in older chinchillas as well as obesity (http://www.scottsdaleveterinaryclinic.com/pdf/info_pages/Chinchilla/Nutrition.pdf). The breakdown of hay leads to the bulk of carbohydrate absorption in herbivorous animals (both ruminants and pseudo-ruminants). Without this, chinchillas may seem lethargic, have irregular bowel movements, or may lose their appetites altogether.
Pellets
Chinchillas should be on a pelleted diet no matter what. Unless you are a nutritional expert and know the exact values of all the raw ingredients, a holistic or organic diet may be extremely detrimental to your pet’s health. Pellets are specially formulated and a premium brand may cost more, but chances are they negate the need to add a vitamin-mineral supplement (which is much more costly)! Look into brands like Oxbow, which is recommended by many veterinarians nation-wide. Again, use only pellets formulated for chinchillas. Special blends that contain colorful dyes or extra bits of carrots or nuts should be avoided as they can be harmful, contain carcinogens from the dyes, and can lead to obesity (Feeding Your Chinchilla). Pellets also offer a harder substance that chinchillas can use to wear their teeth down, as they grow continuously through their lifetime. You can leave pellets out as chinchillas prefer to pick at their food throughout their day.
Treats
Treats are a great thing in many ways! They allow for minor training as well as bonding with your playful pet. A chinchilla that is hand fed treats is more apt to come out and approach you than one that has not. Treats can be purchased at pet stores or more preferably fresh fruits and vegetables can be used. Fresh leafy greens like broccoli, alfalfa sprouts, parsley, cilantro, and carrots are great sources of vitamins and minerals. Be sure to wash them thoroughly and obtain them from a source that does not use pesticides. Definitely try organic! Fruits (raisins and berries), and nuts are also favorite treats of chinchillas however they should be limited as they may lead to diarrhea which can be fatal if not seen by a veterinarian immediately (Feeding Your Chinchilla). Avoid iceberg lettuce as it may also contribute to gastrointestinal upset. Use romaine instead. One last tip: never feed your chinchilla through the bars of his cage. This can lead to accidental finger biting as they become conditioned to think you are giving them a treat every time something is poking through the bars.
Water
Yes, water is a nutrient and is heavily required in a chinchilla’s diet. A clean water bottle filled with preferably purified water (as some areas have high bacterial populations in tap water that may upset a chinchilla’s gastrointestinal tract) should be used (Feeding Chinchillas). Water bowls, despite the materials of which they are comprised, are not a good idea as urine and feces will most certainly contaminate the water source. Give fresh water daily to ensure clean drinking water.
Wrapping It Up
Just as with humans, proper nutrition is the key to a happy, healthy, and loving state of being. Cranky chinchillas are no fun and sick ones are even worse. Take care of your little critter and you will definitely reap the rewards!
Sources:
Larrivee, G.P., & Elvehjem, C.A. (1953). Studies on the nutritional requirements of chinchillas. The Journal of Nutrition
Stephen Scheib - Stephen thrives on educating others about the world around them. He has worked with vets for years and has taught many subjects.
